This article reviews Vygotsky’s idea of the “zone of proximal development” and the concepts of Collaborative Learning. Collaborative Learning (CL), then, is very crucial and said to be able to facilitate the students to attain higher level thinking and preserve information for longer times than individual learning. Collaboration skills are highly required by the students to provide themselves with the ability to work effectively and respectfully with diverse teams in the future. Ĭommunication and collaboration are regarded as part of essential focus to prepare students for increasingly complex life and work environments in the 21st century. The visual novel was validated by the expert before testing the game. The instrument used in this research were questionnaires, structured interviews, and expert validation. The participants in this research were tenth-graders from various schools in Surabaya. The research method utilized by the researcher in the development of a visual novel is a DDR (Design and Development) method. This study is to develop a visual novel for education with the purpose to aid students in learning English. The visual novel is a game that utilizes pictures with various sound effects to make the reader more interested in playing and watching the picture. Because of this situation, the visual novel can be used to aid the students in studying English, especially for reading.
Many of them spend more time at home, and since their class is conducted online, most of the students have their smartphones. Recently, many students study from home and their class is conducted online.